September 12, 2025
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMA/TMEC/CUSMA) will undergo its first joint review on July 01, 2026, as mandated by Article 34.7 of the Agreement. While this formal meeting of the three signatory countries is still months away, each nation has already started or prepared its internal consultations to gather public and stakeholder input. These processes are critical for shaping national strategies and ensuring meaningful negotiations when the joint review takes place. The following is a brief analysis of the months ahead, considering the dates and milestones for said consultations that will complement trade discussions among the three parties.
The Agreement became effective on July 1st 2020, and pursuant to its Article 34.7 (Chapter 34), “On the sixth anniversary of the entry into force of this Agreement, the Commission shall meet to conduct a “joint review” of the operation of this Agreement, review any recommendations for action submitted by a Party, and decide on any appropriate actions.”. This means that the three signatories shall meet on July 1st, 2026, to conduct the “joint review” of the Agreement.
While the “joint review” meeting will take place in July 2026, internally, each signatory has its own separate set of rules (formal or informal), to conduct conversations, discussions, consultations and dialogues with their communities and relevant stakeholders to collect information prior to the 2026 date. These intramurals conversations are important to the overall trade discussions under the Agreement because they will be the collective basis for thorough assessments and fruitful trade review of the Agreement.
Prior to the July 2026 meeting the signatory members of the Agreement established their own rules to gather information from the public:
Canada: Following a notice published on the Canada Gazette on October 17th, 2024, Global Affairs Canada conducted consultations from August 17, 2024 to October 31, 2024 to collect “the views and experiences of Canadians and interested stakeholders regarding the operation of the CUSMA and how to potentially improve the Agreement in the context of the planned 2026 joint review”. The Canadians reported their conclusions on these consultations on January 2025.
United States of America: The process to collect opinions from the public in the US is regulated by Sec. 611(b)(1) of the ‘United States- Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act’, which establishes that “at least 270 days before a joint review commences, the Trade Representative shall publish in the Federal Register a notice regarding the joint review and shall, as soon as possible following such publication, provide opportunity for the presentation of views relating to the operation of the USMCA, including a public hearing.”. Pursuant to this section, the Trade Representative shall publish the corresponding notice no later than October 4th, 2025.
In line with the above, at least 180 days before the joint review, “the Trade Representative shall report to the appropriate congressional committees regarding— (A) the assessment of the Trade Representative with respect to the operation of the USMCA; (B) the precise recommendation for action to be proposed at the review and the position of the United States with respect to whether to extend the term of the USMCA; (C) what, if any, prior efforts have been made to resolve any concern that underlies that recommendation or position; and (D) the views of the advisory committees established under section 135 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2155) regarding that recommendation or position.”. This includes the information regarding the views of the public, discussed in the previous paragraph.
México: There is no process that specifically establishes how to conduct consultations in connection with the joint review of the Agreement. However, the Mexican Senate and the different departments of the executive branch (particularly the Secretary of Economy) are the entities with sufficient authority to conduct consultations and negotiations with international trade partners. At this point, the Secretary of Economy has made public that the country has had conversations with various stakeholders of different industries and sectors, to gather information towards the joint review process.
The upcoming joint review of the Agreement represents a procedural milestone and an exceptional opportunity for North America’s economies to refine their trade partnership. The success of this process will hinge not only on the July 2026 meeting but also on the groundwork currently being laid through national consultations.
© SCYR México, S.C.
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Nota de Actualización
A partir del viernes 03 de Septiembre de 2021, se hizo pública la decisión del Servicio de Administración Tributaria de posponer el requisito de emisión del complemento “Carta Porte” para que sea obligatorio solo a partir del 01 de Enero de 2022.
Según la información disponible, la emisión del complemento “Carta Porte”, que originalmente sería obligatoria a partir del 30 de Septiembre de 2021, quedaría pospuesta hasta el inicio del año 2022, implementando un periodo de prueba del 01 al 31 de Diciembre de este año para ensayar su aplicación.
El complemento “Carta Porte” es el documento que acompaña al correspondiente CFDI para acreditar la legal estancia y/o tenencia de las mercancías transportadas por vía terrestre de carga, férrea, marítima, aérea o fluvial. La información que deberá incorporarse en la “Carta Porte” dependerá: 1) del medio de transporte, 2) de las partes que intervengan en la operación, y 3) del CFDI de que se trate, ya sea CFDI de Traslado o CFDI de Ingreso.
La decisión del Servicio de Administración Tributaria de posponer la entrada en vigor de esta obligación, se da como resultado de las mesas de trabajo establecidas entre industriales de diversos sectores y representantes hacendarios, donde se discutieron todas las implicaciones y complejidades de la emisión del complemento “Carta Porte”.
Para formalizar la nueva fecha de entrada en vigor de la obligación de generar el complemento “Carta Porte” hace falta la publicación oficial correspondiente, la cual se espera que tenga lugar antes del fin del mes de Septiembre de 2021, cuando hayan concluido las mesas de trabajo pendientes entre los sectores involucrados.
El complemento “Carta Porte” debe emitirse por el prestador del servicio de transporte, o por los dueños de las mercancías cuando estas se trasladen por medios propios. La omisión de emitir y/o no entregar el complemento “Carta Porte”, o bien, si el complemento “Carta Porte” no cumple con los requisitos establecidos, traerá como consecuencia multas que a la fecha van hasta los 93 mil pesos. En caso de reincidencia, el Servicio de Administración Tributaria tendrá facultades para clausurar el negocio del contribuyente. Lo anterior además de todas las implicaciones que traería ante otras autoridades competentes en el transporte de mercancías dentro del territorio nacional.
Es importante señalar que los contribuyentes obligados a llevar controles volumétricos de hidrocarburos y petrolíferos, que: 1) distribuyan gas natural o petrolíferos, o al amparo de un permiso de la Comisión Reguladora de Energía, o 2) que enajenen gas natural o petrolíferos, mediante la venta al menudeo directa al consumidor de Gas Natural o Petrolíferos, entre otros combustibles, en instalaciones con fin específico o multimodal, incluyendo estaciones de servicio, de compresión y de carburación, entre otras, o aquellos contribuyentes dedicados a la comercialización de hidrocarburos, petrolíferos, petroquímicos o al amparo de un permiso de la Comisión Reguladora de Energía, podrán seguir emitiendo un CFDI diario, semanal o mensual por todas las operaciones que realicen con el público en general, hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2021, siempre que cumplan con los requisitos establecidos en el transitorio Vigésimo Segundo de la Resolución Miscelánea Fiscal.
Por lo tanto, ante estas circunstancias, es indispensable mantenerse atentos a los cambios regulatorios que están por concretarse para incorporar las resoluciones correspondientes, en tiempo y forma, a los procesos jurídicos y contables de cada negocio a fin de evitar sanciones que interrumpan el buen funcionamiento de sus actividades comerciales.